dirt
- n. 污垢，泥土；灰塵，塵土；下流話
詞態(tài)變化
中文詞源
來(lái)自古英語(yǔ)drit, 糞便，來(lái)自PIE*dhreyd, 腹泄。引申義污物，爛泥。其日耳曼同源詞詞義集中在糞便，鳥(niǎo)糞，屎等。
英英釋意
- 1. the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
- 2. the state of being covered with unclean things
- 3. obscene terms for feces
- 4. disgraceful gossip about the private lives of other people
英文詞源
- dirt
- dirt: [13] Dirt was originally drit, and meant ‘excrement’ (it was borrowed from Old Norse drit, which goes back to a prehistoric Germanic base *drit- that also produced Dutch dreet ‘excrement’). The toned-down sense ‘soiling substance’ is of equal antiquity with ‘excrement’ in English, and the modern English form dirt first appeared in the 15th century, by a process known as metathesis in which two sounds are reversed.
- dirt (n.)
- 15c. metathesis of Middle English drit, drytt "mud, dirt, dung" (c. 1300), from Old Norse drit, cognate with Old English dritan "to void excrement," from Proto-Germanic *dritan (cognates: Dutch drijten, Old High German trizan). Used abusively of persons from c. 1300. Meaning "gossip" first attested 1926 (in Hemingway); dirt bike is 1960s. Dirt-cheap is from 1821. Dirt road attested by 1852.
同義詞辨析
earth, clay, dirt, land, dust, soil, mud, ground
這些名詞都有"土地，土，泥"之意。
earth： 多指地表帶有水分的泥土，較具體。
clay： 特指潮濕時(shí)發(fā)粘，而火烤后變堅(jiān)硬的泥土。
dirt： 指地表的干松泥土。
land： 含義籠統(tǒng)。指與河流、海洋相對(duì)的陸地，也指可耕種的土地。
dust： 特指土壤干燥后，飛揚(yáng)于空中的細(xì)微泥土。
soil： 特指適宜栽種農(nóng)作物或生長(zhǎng)各種植物的泥土。
mud： 指濕土，尤指雨后稀泥、污泥。
ground： 通常指大地的表面，也可指土壤、泥土或場(chǎng)地。
考試真題
- I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.
出自-2014年6月聽(tīng)力原文
- An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it.
2018年12月四級(jí)真題（第三套）閱讀 Section B
- An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.
2015年高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷 閱讀理解 閱讀B 原文
- Get rid of the street dirt.
2015年高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷 閱讀理解 閱讀B 選項(xiàng)
- Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock.
2017年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷1 閱讀理解 閱讀D 原文
- Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then.
2015年高考英語(yǔ)福建卷 閱讀理解 閱讀B 原文
- This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.
2015年高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷 閱讀理解 閱讀B 原文
- We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper review published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
出自-2010年考研閱讀原文
- By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
出自-2013年考研閱讀原文
- Both men emphasized the dirt and exhaustion of war, the fragments of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep.
2012年考研真題（英語(yǔ)二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ
- That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.
2016年考研真題（英語(yǔ)二）閱讀理解 Section Ⅱ
詞組搭配
do someone dirt
(informal)harm someone's reputation maliciously
(非正式)惡意中傷
drag the name of someone (或 something) through the
(informal)give someone or something a bad reputation through bad behaviour or damaging revelations
(非正式)（通過(guò)不好的行為或誹謗）玷污（某人或某物的名譽(yù)）
he condemned players for dragging the name of football through the dirt.
他譴責(zé)這些球員玷污了足球運(yùn)動(dòng)。
eat dirt
(informal)suffer insults or humiliation
(非正式)忍辱含垢，忍氣吞聲
the film bombed at the box office and the critics made it eat dirt.
這部電影票房慘敗，批評(píng)家們對(duì)它極盡羞辱之能事。
實(shí)用場(chǎng)景例句
- dog dirt
- 狗屎
牛津詞典
- Do you have any dirt on the new guy?
- 你知道新來(lái)的那個(gè)人的丑聞嗎？
牛津詞典
- His clothes were covered in dirt.
- 他的衣服沾滿了污垢。
牛津詞典
- First remove any grease or dirt from the surface.
- 先把表面的油污或塵土去掉。
牛津詞典
- He picked up a handful of dirt and threw it at them.
- 他抓起一把土朝他們?nèi)舆^(guò)去。
牛津詞典
- Pack the dirt firmly round the plants.
- 將植物周圍的土培實(shí)。
牛津詞典
- They lived in a shack with a dirt floor.
- 他們住在土地板的棚屋里。
牛津詞典
- I started to scrub off the dirt.
- 我開(kāi)始擦洗上面的灰塵。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- They all sit on the dirt in the dappled shade of a tree.
- 他們?nèi)甲诎唏g樹(shù)陰下的泥土地上。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- I drove along the dirt road...
- 我驅(qū)車沿那條土路行進(jìn)。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- The rooster chased me across the dirt floor of the barn.
- 公雞追著我跑過(guò)谷倉(cāng)的泥土地面。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Steve was keen to get all the dirt he could on her...
- 史蒂夫一心想要搜羅關(guān)于她的一切丑聞。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Both parties use computers to dig up dirt on their opponents.
- 雙方都用電腦搜集對(duì)手的丑事。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- He dishes the dirt on his buddies.
- 他說(shuō)自己伙伴的閑話。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- People think they can treat me like dirt!
- 人們以為可以視我為草芥！
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Manual accounting system is used only by small businesses.
- 手工會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)只適用于小型企業(yè).
期刊摘選
- Do you think the dirt will soak out?
- 你認(rèn)為這污垢會(huì)泡掉 嗎 ?
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- The least bit of dirt in a watch may make It'stop.
- 表中哪怕有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)污物都會(huì)使它不走動(dòng).
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- Dirt and disease are adverse to the best growth of children.
- 骯臟與疾病對(duì)兒童健康成長(zhǎng)不利.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- I've got a speck of dirt on my shirt.
- 我的襯衫上有一點(diǎn)污垢.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- Alarmed at the first sound, we hit the dirt.
- 第一聲警報(bào)一響我們就迅速臥倒.
《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典》
- The dirt on the bottom of the bath didn't encourage total immersion.
- 浴缸底有污垢,不宜全身浸泡于其中.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- All this dirt that has got into my watch has gummed up the watch.
- 手表被鉆進(jìn)去的污垢弄壞了.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- The journalists like to dish the dirt about television stars.
- 記者有時(shí)喜歡揭電視明星的瘡疤.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- The dirt road became dusty as it baked under the summer sun.
- 在夏天烈日的暴曬下,泥路變得滿是塵土.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- The road petered out into a dirt track.
- 大道延伸到一條泥土小徑.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》
- Mother was in the garage, brushing the dirt aside.
- 母親正在車庫(kù)里掃除灰塵.
《簡(jiǎn)明英漢詞典》