handicap
英 ['h?nd?k?p]
美['h?nd?'k?p]
- n. 障礙；不利條件，不利的因素
- vt. 妨礙，阻礙；使不利
CET6TEM4IELTS考研TOEFL中低頻詞常用詞匯
詞態(tài)變化
復(fù)數(shù):?handicaps;第三人稱單數(shù):?handicaps;過去式:?handicapped;過去分詞:?handicapped;現(xiàn)在分詞:?handicapping;
中文詞源
handicap 讓步賽，妨礙，殘疾，生理缺陷
來自短語hand in cap,一種流行于17世紀(jì)的娛樂游戲，大致規(guī)則如下：甲乙雙方有兩件價值不同的物品，請丙當(dāng)裁判來評估價差，然后補(bǔ)齊差價進(jìn)行交換。同時，甲乙雙方交納保證金用手拿著放進(jìn)帽子里，如果裁判丙估出的差價甲乙雙方都同意的話，則他們進(jìn)行物品交換，同時保證金歸裁判，如果估出的差價甲乙雙方都不同意的話，物品不交換，但是保證金也歸裁判，如果一方同意另一方不同意，但是不同意的一方保證金歸同意的一方，物品不交換，但可以避免更大程度損失。其中的關(guān)鍵在于裁判為使個人的利益最大化，勢必要進(jìn)行盡可能公正的估價，這樣才會樹立名聲，別人才會找他，如果甲乙雙方都認(rèn)為裁判不公，則沒人再找這個裁判。并由該游戲引申詞義讓步賽，如馬賽，球賽，棋賽等等，以及用于指殘疾人，生理缺陷的人，即需要讓的人，含冒犯意。
英英釋意
- 1. the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness;
- "reading disability"
- "hearing impairment"
- 2. advantage given to a competitor to equalize chances of winning
- 3. something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
英文詞源
- handicap
- handicap: [17] The word handicap originally denoted a sort of game of chance in which one person put up one of his or her personal possessions against an article belonging to someone else (for example one might match a gold watch against the other’s horse) and an umpire was appointed to adjudicate on the respective values of the articles. All three parties put their hands into a hat, together with a wager, and on hearing the umpire’s verdict the two opponents had to withdraw them in such a way as to indicate whether they wished to proceed with the game.
If they agreed, either in favour of proceeding or against, the umpire took the money; but if they disagreed, the one who wanted to proceed took it. It was the concealing of the hands in the hat that gave the game its name hand in cap, hand i’ cap, source of modern English handicap. In the 18th century the same term was applied to a sort of horse race between two horses, in which an umpire decided on a weight disadvantage to be imposed on a superior horse and again the owners of the horses signalled their assent to or dissent from his adjudication by the way in which they withdrew their hands from a hat.
Such a race became known as a handicap race, and in the 19th century the term handicap first broadened out to any contest in which inequalities are artificially evened out, and was eventually transferred to the ‘disadvantage’ imposed on superior contestants – whence the main modern meaning, ‘disadvantage, disability’. - handicap (n.)
- 1650s, from hand in cap, a game whereby two bettors would engage a neutral umpire to determine the odds in an unequal contest. The bettors would put their hands holding forfeit money into a hat or cap. The umpire would announce the odds and the bettors would withdraw their hands -- hands full meaning that they accepted the odds and the bet was on, hands empty meaning they did not accept the bet and were willing to forfeit the money. If one forfeited, then the money went to the other. If both agreed either on forfeiting or going ahead with the wager, then the umpire kept the money as payment. The custom, though not the name, is attested from 14c. ("Piers Plowman").
Reference to horse racing is 1754 (Handy-Cap Match), where the umpire decrees the superior horse should carry extra weight as a "handicap;" this led to sense of "encumbrance, disability" first recorded 1890. The main modern sense, "a mental or physical disability," is the last to develop, early 20c. - handicap (v.)
- "equalize chances of competitors," 1852, but implied in the horse-race sense from mid-18c., from handicap (n.). Meaning "put at a disadvantage" is from 1864. Earliest verbal sense, now obsolete, was "to gain as in a wagering game" (1640s). Related: Handicapped; handicapping.
考試真題
- Why do some people joke about those who are fat or handicapped according to the man?
出自-2011年6月聽力原文
詞組搭配
out of the handicap
(Horse Racing)having a handicap rating that would merit carrying a weight below the minimum specified for a race
(賽馬)免加額外負(fù)重（負(fù)重級別低于比賽規(guī)定應(yīng)加的最低額外負(fù)重量）
實(shí)用場景例句
- British exports have been handicapped by the strong pound.
- 英鎊堅挺影響了英國的出口。
牛津詞典
- Not speaking the language proved to be a bigger handicap than I'd imagined.
- 事實(shí)證明不會講這種語言造成的障礙比我所想象的大。
牛津詞典
- mental/physical/visual handicap
- 智力 / 生理 / 視力缺陷
牛津詞典
- Despite her handicap, Jane is able to hold down a full-time job.
- 簡盡管有生理缺陷，卻能夠保住一份全職工作。
牛津詞典
- I see your handicap is down from 16 to 12.
- 我發(fā)現(xiàn)你的差點(diǎn)已從16桿降到了12桿。
柯林斯高階英語詞典
- The industrial injuries scheme takes into account the actual disability and whether it handicaps a person in working.
- 工傷賠償方案要考慮實(shí)際殘疾情況以及殘疾是否會影響其工作能力。
柯林斯高階英語詞典
- Greater levels of stress may seriously handicap some students...
- 壓力的加重可能會給一些學(xué)生帶來嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響。
柯林斯高階英語詞典
- Being a foreigner was not a handicap.
- 身為外國人并不是一個障礙。
柯林斯高階英語詞典
- She was away from school for 15 weeks, a handicap she could have done without...
- 她有15周沒上學(xué)，這給她帶來了本不該有的障礙。
柯林斯高階英語詞典
- He lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap.
- 他10歲時失去了一條腿，但他學(xué)會了克服自己的殘疾。
柯林斯高階英語詞典
- She showed her mettle by winning in spite of her handicap.
- 那匹雌馬盡管增加了負(fù)重而仍能獲勝,可見很有耐力.
辭典例句
- Only in America 0 are there handicap parking places in front of a skating rink.
- 只有在美國在滑冰場的門口有殘疾人的專用停車位.
期刊摘選
- Handicap language is very rich, in different periods, the major trading practices different!
- 盤口的語言很豐富, 不同時期, 主力的盤中手法不一樣!
期刊摘選
- Losing our best player was a handicap to the team.
- 失去最棒的運(yùn)動員對我隊不利.
辭典例句
- His lack of enthusiasm was a handicap in the eyes of his superiors.
- 在他的上司看來,他缺乏熱情是他的一個缺點(diǎn).
期刊摘選
- A high level of education can be a handicap in trading.
- 在交易中,高學(xué)歷可以成為障礙.
期刊摘選
- Countries that are badly broken up topographically have a serious handicap in economic development.
- 地形上四分五裂的國家,其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展會遭受嚴(yán)重阻礙.
辭典例句
- Mr McCain's main handicap is his liberal record on immigration.
- 麥凱恩先生的主要障礙在于他在移民問題上的自由主義記錄.
期刊摘選
- That is a handicap when it peddles itself to donors.
- 但當(dāng)它向捐助國兜售自己時這個卻是一項不利條件.
期刊摘選
- But do you think my hands were as great a handicap as the bone spurs?
- 但是,你可以為,我這雙受傷的手跟骨刺一樣是個很大的不利條件?
英漢文學(xué) - 老人與海
- Poor eyesight is a handicap to a student.
- 視力不好對學(xué)生來說是一個障礙.
期刊摘選
- Ignorance can handicap the progress of a city.
- 無知會妨礙城市的進(jìn)步.
期刊摘選
- I think there is in the handicap, in the disease, a lot of potentiality.
- 我認(rèn)為即便身有殘疾, 疾病的折磨, 同時也是可以有許多的潛力的.
期刊摘選
- My dual position was, in fact, a handicap.
- 事實(shí)上, 我的雙重身份對我是一個不利因素.
辭典例句
- Slow reading is a major handicap in university studies.
- 閱讀速度慢是大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的主要障礙.
期刊摘選
- New facilities such as family compartments , handicap restrooms and snack bars are available.
- 還有像家庭包廂 、 殘疾人洗手間和酒吧這樣的新設(shè)施.
期刊摘選
- He has a handicap of 200 metres.
- 他在賽跑中讓了二百米.
《簡明英漢詞典》