strain
英 [stre?n]
美[stren]
- n. 張力；拉緊；負(fù)擔(dān)；扭傷；血緣
- vi. 拉緊；盡力
- vt. 拉緊；濫用；濾去；竭力
- n. (Strain)人名；(英)斯特蘭
CET4TEM4IELTS考研TOEFLCET6中頻詞核心詞匯
詞態(tài)變化
復(fù)數(shù):?strains;第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù):?strains;過(guò)去式:?strained;過(guò)去分詞:?strained;現(xiàn)在分詞:?straining;
助記提示
1. 大街上下雨要拉緊雨布。
中文詞源
strain 拉緊，拽緊，使力，扭傷，過(guò)濾，壓力，拉力，張力
來(lái)自古法語(yǔ) estreindre,綁緊，拽緊，來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ) stringere,綁緊，拉緊，壓緊，來(lái)自 PIE*strenk, 緊的，窄的，詞源同 strict,stress,stringent.拼寫(xiě)比較 rain 來(lái)自古英語(yǔ) regnian.引申詞義扭傷， 過(guò)濾，及相關(guān)詞義壓力，拉力，張力等。
strain 動(dòng)植物的品種，品系，病菌的類(lèi)型來(lái)自中古英語(yǔ) streon,種族， 品系， 血統(tǒng)， 來(lái)自古英語(yǔ) streon,收獲， 財(cái)富， 繁殖， 來(lái)自 Proto-Germanic*streuna,堆積，收獲，來(lái)自 PIE*stere,展開(kāi)，伸展，詞源同 strew,stratum,structure. 后用于指動(dòng)植物的品種，品系，以及病菌的類(lèi)型，種類(lèi)等。
英英釋意
- 1. (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces
- 2. difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension;
- "she endured the stresses and strains of life"
- "he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"- R.J.Samuelson
- 3. a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence;
- "she was humming an air from Beethoven"
- 4. (psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress;
- "his responsibilities were a constant strain"
- "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him"
- 5. a special variety of domesticated animals within a species;
- "he experimented on a particular breed of white rats"
- "he created a new strain of sheep"
- 6. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups;
- "a new strain of microorganisms"
- 7. a lineage or race of people
- 8. injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
- 9. pervading note of an utterance;
- "I could follow the general tenor of his argument"
- 10. an effortful attempt to attain a goal
- 11. an intense or violent exertion
- 12. the act of singing;
- "with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates"
英文詞源
- strain
- strain: English has two distinct words strain. The older, ‘line of ancestry’ [OE], denotes etymologically ‘something gained by accumulation’. It comes from the prehistoric base *streu- ‘pile up’, which was related to Latin struere ‘build’ (source of English destroy, structure, etc). In the Old English period the notion of ‘gaining something’ was extended metaphorically to ‘producing offspring’, which formed the jumping-off point for the word’s modern range of meanings. Strain ‘pull tight, wrench’ [13] was borrowed from estreign-, the stem form of Old French estreindre ‘pull tight, tie’.
This in turn was descended from Latin stringere ‘pull tight, tie tight’ (source also of English strait, strict, and stringent [17] and of a host of derived forms such as constrain [14], prestige, restrain [14] and constrict, district, restrict, etc). Strain ‘tune’ [16] is assumed to be the same word, perhaps deriving ultimately from the notion of ‘stretching’ the strings of a musical instrument.
=> construct, destroy, structure; constrain, constrict, district, prestige, restrain, restrict, strait, strict, stringent - strain (v.)
- c. 1300, "tie, bind, fasten, gird," from present participle stem of Old French estreindre "bind tightly, clasp, squeeze," from Latin stringere (2) "draw tight, bind tight, compress, press together," from PIE root *streig- "to stroke, rub, press" (cognates: Lithuanian stregti "congeal, freeze, become stiff;" Greek strangein "twist;" Old High German strician "mends nets;" Old English streccian "to stretch;" German stramm, Dutch stram "stiff").
From late 14c. as "tighten; make taut," also "exert oneself; overexert (a body part)," Sense of "press through a filter, put (a liquid) through a strainer" is from early 14c. (implied in strainer); that of "to stress beyond measure, carry too far, make a forced interpretation of" is from mid-15c. Related: Strained; straining. - strain (n.2)
- "line of descent, lineage, breed, ancestry," c. 1200, from Old English strion, streon "a gain, acquisition, treasure; a begetting, procreation," from Proto-Germanic *streu-nam- "to pile up," from PIE root *stere- "to spread, extend, stretch out" (see structure (n.)). Hence "race, stock, line" (early 14c.). Applied to animal species from c. 1600; usually involving fairly minor variations, but not distinct from breed (n.). Normal sound development would have yielded *streen, but the word was altered in late Middle English, apparently by influence of strain (n.1).
- strain (n.1)
- "injury caused by straining," c. 1400, from strain (v.). The meaning "passage of music" (1570s) probably developed from a verbal sense of "to tighten" the voice, which originally was used in reference to the strings of a musical instrument (late 14c.).
同義詞辨析
strain, stress, pressure, tension
這些名詞均有"壓力，重壓，緊張"之意。
strain： 指某人為克服外力界壓力而造成的身心和情緒等方面的壓抑。用于物時(shí)，指任何力或合力作用于一個(gè)物體上面造成的應(yīng)變。
stress： 側(cè)重指承受外來(lái)的壓力，也指由于某種原因而引起的心理、生理或情緒上的緊張。
pressure： 在科學(xué)上，指單位面積上所受到的壓力。用于引申時(shí)，指某事物所產(chǎn)生的壓力或影響力等。
tension： 多指因關(guān)系不好或其它原因而出現(xiàn)的緊張狀態(tài)，也指某物被過(guò)度伸展的程度或狀態(tài)。
考試真題
- With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.
出自-2016年12月閱讀原文
- According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.
出自-2011年6月閱讀原文
- You might strain your shoulder.
出自-2014年6月聽(tīng)力原文
- See a doctor about her strained shoulder.
出自-2014年6月聽(tīng)力原文
- Too little light makes the eyes work harder, so they do get tired and strained.
出自-2011年6月聽(tīng)力原文
- For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems.
2018年12月四級(jí)真題（第三套）閱讀 Section B
- with surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.
2016年12月四級(jí)真題（第二套）閱讀 Section C
- Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails.
出自-2011年6月閱讀原文
- It may place a great strain on the state budget
出自-2011年6月閱讀原文
- Two strains of the disease, with almost identical symptoms, affected humans-Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Sudan.
出自-2013年6月聽(tīng)力原文
- Both strains quickly invaded local hospitals when needle sharing and other unhealthy practices ensured the rapid spreading of the infection by bringing people into contact with contaminated body fluids
出自-2013年6月聽(tīng)力原文
- More strains will evolve from the Ebola virus.
出自-2013年6月聽(tīng)力原文
- Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.
2016年6月六級(jí)真題（第一套）聽(tīng)力 Section A
- 95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
出自-2013年考研閱讀原文
- For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300 -plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
2013年考研真題（英語(yǔ)一）閱讀理解 Section Ⅱ
詞組搭配
at (full) strain
(archaic)using the utmost effort
(古)全力以赴，竭盡全力
strain every nerve
strain at the leash
實(shí)用場(chǎng)景例句
- Their marriage is under great strain at the moment.
- 眼下他們的婚姻關(guān)系非常緊張。
牛津詞典
- These repayments are putting a strain on our finances.
- 償還這些債務(wù)對(duì)我們的財(cái)務(wù)狀況形成了壓力。
牛津詞典
- Relax, and let us take the strain (= do things for you) .
- 你歇一下，我們來(lái)頂一會(huì)兒。
牛津詞典
- The transport service cannot cope with the strain of so many additional passengers.
- 運(yùn)輸部門(mén)無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)臨時(shí)增加這么多乘客所帶來(lái)的緊張局面。
牛津詞典
- You will learn to cope with the stresses and strains of public life.
- 你要學(xué)會(huì)怎樣應(yīng)付公眾人物生活的緊張和辛勞。
牛津詞典
- I found it a strain having to concentrate for so long.
- 我覺(jué)得這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間全神貫注挺累的。
牛津詞典
- The rope broke under the strain .
- 繩子給拉斷了。
牛津詞典
- You should try not to place too much strain on muscles and joints.
- 你要盡量不讓肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)太吃力。
牛津詞典
- The ground here cannot take the strain of a large building.
- 這塊地承受不住大型建筑的壓力。
牛津詞典
- The cable has a 140kg breaking strain (= it will break when it is stretched or pulled by a force greater than this) .
- 這種纜索的斷裂應(yīng)變力為140公斤。
牛津詞典
- The prison service is already under considerable strain...
- 監(jiān)獄系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)承受了巨大的壓力。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- The vast expansion in secondary education is putting an enormous strain on the system.
- 中等教育的大幅擴(kuò)張正對(duì)該系統(tǒng)造成巨大壓力。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- The volume of scheduled flights is straining the air traffic control system...
- 定期航班的數(shù)量正讓空中交通指揮系統(tǒng)不堪重負(fù)。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Resources will be further strained by new demands for housing.
- 資源將因新的住房需求而變得更緊張。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- She was tired and under great strain.
- 她身心疲憊，壓力很大。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- ...the stresses and strains of a busy and demanding career.
- 忙碌而辛苦的工作帶來(lái)的巨大壓力
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- I sometimes find it a strain to be responsible for the mortgage.
- 我有時(shí)覺(jué)得背負(fù)這筆抵押貸款很有壓力。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Place your hands under your buttocks to take some of the strain off your back...
- 將手放在臀部下面，減輕背部的一些壓力。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- A build-up of strain on a section of the San Andreas Fault has been detected.
- 已經(jīng)勘測(cè)到圣安德烈亞斯斷層的其中一處所承受的拉力在增強(qiáng)。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Avoid muscle strain by warming up with slow jogging.
- 先慢跑熱熱身，免得拉傷肌肉。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- ...a groin strain.
- 腹股溝拉傷
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- He strained his back during a practice session.
- 他在一次鍛煉中扭傷了背部。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- I had to strain to hear...
- 我不得不使勁去聽(tīng)。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Several thousand supporters strained to catch a glimpse of the new president...
- 幾千名支持者翹首企盼能一睹新總統(tǒng)的風(fēng)采。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Strain the stock and put it back into the pan.
- 濾出原汁，將它放回到平底鍋中。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- There was a strain of bitterness in his voice.
- 他的聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些憤憤不平。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- ...this cynical strain in the book.
- 該書(shū)中這種憤世嫉俗的意味
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- Every year new strains of influenza develop.
- 每年都有新的流感病毒出現(xiàn)。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- ...a particularly beautiful strain of Swiss pansies.
- 一種格外美麗的瑞士三色堇
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典
- She could hear the tinny strains of a chamber orchestra.
- 她能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)室內(nèi)管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)尖細(xì)的旋律。
柯林斯高階英語(yǔ)詞典