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    yard

    英 [jɑ?d] 美[jɑd]
    • n. 院子;碼(英制中丈量長度單位,1碼=3英尺);庭院;帆桁
    • vt. 把…關(guān)進或圍在畜欄里
    • n. (Yard)人名;(英)亞德

    核心詞匯中高頻詞CET6考研IELTSTEM4CET4

    詞態(tài)變化


    復(fù)數(shù):?yards;

    中文詞源


    yard 庭院

    來自PIE*gher,圍,圍場,詞源同garden.字母g,y的音變來自舊時書寫混淆的產(chǎn)物。

    yard 桁,桅橫桿,碼

    來自PIE*ghazdh,桿,棍,來自PIE*ghei,刺,擊,詞源同gad,goad。后該詞用以指船上的桅桿以及用做固定的長度單位。比較fathom.

    英英釋意


    1. a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride
    2. the enclosed land around a house or other building;
    "it was a small house with almost no yard"
    3. a tract of land enclosed for particular activities (sometimes paved and usually associated with buildings);
    "they opened a repair yard on the edge of town"
    4. an area having a network of railway tracks and sidings for storage and maintenance of cars and engines
    5. an enclosure for animals (as chicken or livestock)
    6. a unit of volume (as for sand or gravel)
    7. a long horizontal spar tapered at the end and used to support and spread a square sail or lateen
    8. the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

    英文詞源


    yard
    yard: Yard ‘enclosed area’ [OE] and yard ‘three feet’ [OE] are distinct words, both of ancient ancestry. The former probably goes back ultimately to Indo-European *ghorto-, which also produced Latin cohors ‘court’ (source of English cohort and court) and hortus ‘garden’ (source of English horticulture) and Russian gorod ‘town’ (as in Leningrad).

    Its prehistoric Germanic descendant was *gard-, which, as well as providing English with yard, has produced garden, garth [14] (via Old Norse), and the second syllable of orchard. Yard ‘three feet’ originally meant ‘stick, rod’ (a sense preserved nautically, as in yardarm [16]). It goes back ultimately to prehistoric Germanic *gazdaz ‘pointed stick’ (source of the gad of gadfly [16], etymologically the fly with the ‘sting’).

    From this was derived West Germanic *gazdjō, which evolved into German gerte ‘sapling, riding cane’, Dutch gard ‘twig, rod’, and English yard. The Anglo-Saxons used the term as a unit of measurement of land, equal to about five metres (what later became known as a rod, pole, or perch), but its modern use for ‘three feet’ did not emerge until the 14th century.

    => cohort, court, garden, garth, horticulture, orchard; gadfly
    yard (n.1)
    "patch of ground around a house," Old English geard "fenced enclosure, garden, court; residence, house," from Proto-Germanic *gardaz (cognates: Old Norse garer "enclosure, garden, yard;" Old Frisian garda, Dutch gaard, Old High German garto, German Garten "garden;" Gothic gards "house," garda "stall"), from PIE *ghor-to-, suffixed form of root *gher- (1) "to grasp, enclose," with derivatives meaning "enclosure" (cognates: Old English gyrdan "to gird," Sanskrit ghra- "house," Albanian garth "hedge," Latin hortus "garden," Phrygian -gordum "town," Greek khortos "pasture," Old Irish gort "field," Breton garz "enclosure, garden," and second element in Latin cohors "enclosure, yard, company of soldiers, multitude").

    Lithuanian gardas "pen, enclosure," Old Church Slavonic gradu "town, city," and Russian gorod, -grad "town, city" belong to this group, but linguists dispute whether they are independent developments or borrowings from Germanic. As "college campus enclosed by the main buildings," 1630s. In railway usage, "ground adjacent to a train station or terminus, used for switching or coupling trains," 1827. Yard sale is attested by 1976.
    yard (n.2)
    measure of length, Old English gerd (Mercian), gierd (West Saxon) "rod, staff, stick; measure of length," from West Germanic *gazdijo, from Proto-Germanic *gazdjo- "stick, rod" (cognates: Old Saxon gerda, Old Frisian ierde, Dutch gard "rod;" Old High German garta, German gerte "switch, twig," Old Norse gaddr "spike, sting, nail"), from PIE root *ghazdh-o- "rod, staff, pole" (cognates: Latin hasta "shaft, staff"). The nautical yard-arm retains the original sense of "stick."

    Originally in Anglo-Saxon times a land measure of roughly 5 meters (a length later called rod, pole, or perch). Modern measure of "three feet" is attested from late 14c. (earlier rough equivalent was the ell of 45 inches, and the verge). In Middle English and after, the word also was a euphemism for "penis" (as in "Love's Labour's Lost," V.ii.676). Slang meaning "one hundred dollars" first attested 1926, American English. Middle English yerd (Old English gierd) also was "yard-land, yard of land," a varying measure but often about 30 acres or a quarter of a hide.

    考試真題


    If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.

    出自-2016年12月閱讀原文

    If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the major

    2016年12月四級真題(第一套)閱讀 Section B

    As part of the upgrading of its rail yard, Kasselman, who is an inventor and self-proclaimed "steam visionary", is campaigning for a new steam train that runs without any fire and could run on an existing ten- kilometer line, driving tourists and perhaps

    2018年12月六級真題(第二套)聽力 Section C

    It was focused on the garage and yard.

    2015年高考英語湖南卷 閱讀理解 閱讀C 選項

    詞組搭配


    by the yard

    in large numbers or quantities

    大量地

    golf continues to inspire books by the yard.

    高爾夫球運動繼續(xù)促進書籍大量出版。

    the Yard

    (Brit.). informal term for Scotland Yard

    (英,非正式)。 同 Scotland Yard

    實用場景例句


    the prison yard
    監(jiān)獄里的院子

    牛津詞典

    The children were playing in the yard at the front of the school.
    孩子們在學(xué)校前面的空地上玩耍。

    牛津詞典

    a boat yard
    船塢

    牛津詞典

    The incident took place about 500 yards from where he was standing...
    事件發(fā)生在距他所站位置大約500碼遠的地方。

    柯林斯高階英語詞典

    A few yards away, Jos Vargas stands beside his small home.
    幾碼之外,喬斯·瓦爾加斯站在他的小房子旁邊。

    柯林斯高階英語詞典

    I saw him standing in the yard.
    我看到他站在院子里。

    柯林斯高階英語詞典

    ...a railway yard.
    鐵路調(diào)車場

    柯林斯高階英語詞典

    ...a ship repair yard.
    船舶修理場

    柯林斯高階英語詞典

    He dug a hole in our yard on Edgerton Avenue to plant a maple tree when I was born.
    我出生的時候,他在埃杰頓大街我們家的園圃里挖了個坑,種了棵楓樹。

    柯林斯高階英語詞典

    You are an independent, courageous and determined person, persistent and steady in achieving your objectives.
    你是一個獨立 、 勇敢和有決心的人, 你在實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)過程中堅韌穩(wěn)定.

    期刊摘選

    He piled up fallen leaves in a corner of the yard.
    他把落葉堆積在院子一角.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    Deer yard in that area.
    鹿集居在那個地區(qū).

    《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典》

    Vines straggled over the yard.
    葡萄樹在院子里蔓生.

    《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典》

    In spring the yard has a freshening aspect.
    春天,院子里呈現(xiàn)出一派清新的景象.

    《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大詞典》

    Her mother had mentioned how colorful the yard was, now that spring had arrived.
    她母親提到由于春天已經(jīng)來到,院子里已是五彩繽紛, 非常美麗.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    Our yard is spacious enough for a swimming pool.
    我們的院子很寬敞,足夠建一座游泳池.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    There is a mass of sand in the yard.
    院里有一堆沙子.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    All the soldiers were marshaled together in the yard, ready to march away.
    全體士兵被集合在院子里, 準(zhǔn)備出發(fā).

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    You can play outside, but you must not leave the yard.
    你可以在外面玩, 但不得離開院子.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    There is a mass of stones in the yard.
    院子里堆放著一大堆石頭.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    Pile the leaves in the corner of the yard.
    把樹葉堆到院子里.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    The wind drifted the leaves across our yard.
    樹葉隨風(fēng)飄過我們的院子.

    《現(xiàn)代漢英綜合大詞典》

    The man rolled the barrel into the yard.
    那個人把圓桶滾進院子.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    The lightning zigzagged through the church yard.
    閃電呈之字形劃過教堂的院子.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    Her mother had mentioned how colourful the yard was, now that spring had arrived.
    她母親提到由于春天已經(jīng)來到,院子里已是五彩繽紛.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    You can still buy cloth by the yard in this country.
    在這個國家買布還論碼.

    《簡明英漢詞典》

    They keep chickens in the back yard.
    他們在后院養(yǎng)雞。

    《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》